{"id":9096,"date":"2024-01-23T15:57:46","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T19:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gascon.ca\/?p=9096"},"modified":"2024-01-23T15:57:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T19:57:46","slug":"the-registers-of-a-co-ownership-practical-elements-to-remember","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gasc.sltm.ca\/en\/2024\/01\/23\/the-registers-of-a-co-ownership-practical-elements-to-remember\/","title":{"rendered":"THE REGISTERS OF A CO-OWNERSHIP: PRACTICAL ELEMENTS TO REMEMBER"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The meticulous maintenance of the co-ownership registers (hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;<\/span><b>Registers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;) by the board of directors of the syndicate of co-ownership (hereinafter the &#8220;<\/span><b>Syndicate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;) is of great importance. Indeed, it contributes to the proper functioning of buildings held in co-ownerships and helps prevent conflicts between co-owners and their Syndicate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s overview some important practical points to retain in this matter.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><b>1. The Contents of the Registers Maintained by the Syndicate\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The content of the Registers is primarily established by Article 1070 of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil Code of Quebec<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (hereinafter &#8220;<\/span><b>CcQ<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;), which provides a <\/span><b>non-exhaustive list <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of documents to be kept in the Registers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Name and postal address of co-owners<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Name and postal address of tenants<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minutes of proceedings and\/or written resolutions of co-owners&#8217; meetings<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minutes of proceedings and\/or written resolutions of the Syndicate&#8217;s board of directors\u2019 meetings<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Building regulations and amendments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial statements of the co-ownership<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Declaration of co-ownership<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contracts to which the Syndicate is a party<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cadastral plans of the building<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Construction plans and specifications for the building<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certificate of location of the building (if available)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenance log<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study of the contingency fund<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detailed description of private portions to identify improvements made by co-owners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any other documents and information provided by government regulation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any other documents and information related to the building and the Syndicate; including, according to legislation and jurisprudence, the following<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certificate of building condition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asset management plan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insurance policy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluation report<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expertise report<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estimate of costs for common area refurbishment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calls for tenders and contractor submissions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Registraire des entreprises<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (REQ) documents related to the Syndicate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judicial proceedings involving the Syndicate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acts and plans allocating common areas for restricted use (e.g., parking and storage spaces)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article is of &#8220;<\/span><b>public order<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;, meaning that the Syndicate cannot exempt itself from this obligation. It also is part of the Syndicate\u2019 broader mission to conserve, maintain, administer, and safeguard the co-ownership<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above list is not exhaustive, meaning that the declaration of co-ownership, its amendments, additional regulations, and\/or resolutions adopted by <\/span><b>the Syndicate and co-owners may stipulate additional content to be included in the Registers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For example, declarations of co-ownership usually specify that their Registers must contain a list of each co-owner&#8217;s mortgage creditor and the voting rights assigned to them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>2. Consultation of the Registers by the Co-Owners\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Registers are the property of the Syndicate but must be made <\/span><b>accessible<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the co-owners<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They must be written <\/span><b>in French<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can be kept in <\/span><b>paper or dematerialized format<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Additionally, the task of maintaining the Registers can be delegated by the Syndicate to a <\/span><b>manager<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is common practice in larger co-ownership buildings.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The co-owners have the right to consult the Registers under certain conditions. The CCQ specifies that the consultation must be done <\/span><b>in the presence of a director or a designated person <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by the Syndicate, during <\/span><b>reasonable hours<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the Syndicate may charge <\/span><b>fees<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for providing copies of the consulted documents<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, <\/span><b>additional terms may be adopted by the Syndicate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to further regulate the consultation of the Registers. For instance, the Court of Quebec ruled that the Syndicate was entitled to specify in its procedures that only electronic copies of documents be sent to co-owners and that it has no obligation to provide and post paper copies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>3. Limits to the Consultation of the Registers\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Access to the Registers <\/span><b>does not constitute an unlimited right<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to co-ownership documents. For example, a co-owner can review financial statements but cannot demand all accounting records related to them, such as copies of co-owners&#8217; checks and lists of arrears owed by certain co-owners<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Similarly, a co-owner can review the Syndicate&#8217;s minute proceedings but cannot demand the entirety of their arguments and daily management decisions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>A co-owner does not have access to another co-owner&#8217;s confidential information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without the latter\u2019s express authorization, such as their banking details, phone number, email address, age, and health status.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A co-owner must also act in <\/span><b>good faith<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> toward the Syndicate in their request to consult the Registers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some judgments have condemned co-owners of <\/span><b>abuse of procedures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> following unfounded lawsuits against the Syndicate<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and for damaging the <\/span><b>reputation of the Syndicate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to baseless verbal and written attacks against the Syndicate. These decisions demonstrate that the consultation of the Registers cannot be reduced to a witch hunt against the Syndicate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>4. Respecting the Privacy of Co-Owners\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>The Syndicate must exercise prudence and diligence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in maintaining its Registers and must also act with honesty and loyalty<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This includes respecting the fundamental rights of co-owners, including their <\/span><b>right to privacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To preserve the privacy of co-owners, the Syndicate must limit its collection of personal information to necessary elements<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Specifically, an information is considered &#8220;personal&#8221; when it concerns a <\/span><b>natural person<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>identifies such person<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In such cases, a co-owner can make a request to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commission d&#8217;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l&#8217;information du Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (hereinafter the &#8220;<\/span><b>Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;) to access the personal information that the Syndicate holds about them<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, recent legislative amendments to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Act Respecting the Protection of Personal Information in the Private Sector <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(known as &#8220;<\/span><b>Bill 25<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;) impose <\/span><b>new confidentiality obligations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. From now on, the Syndicate must also:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establish a clear policy regarding the protection of co-owners&#8217; personal information;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obtain express consent from each co-owner regarding the collection of such information;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintain a separate register for this information, which must be inaccessible to other co-owners;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designate a person responsible for protecting this information;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notify the Commission of any breach of a co-owner&#8217;s confidentiality, and;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respond in writing to any co-owner&#8217;s request regarding their personal information<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, a diligent Syndicate will need to conduct a comprehensive review of its Registers to ensure compliance with this major reform.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>5. Consequences of Neglecting the Maintenance of the Registers<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A poor management of the Registers can lead to lawsuits by co-owners against the Syndicate. For example, in the absence of <\/span><b>minutes of proceedings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it would be difficult to determine if the required majorities and quorums are met during Syndicate and\/or co-owners&#8217; meetings. Thus, in a lawsuit, these decisions could be contested as to their validity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>absences and dissents of the directors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> must be recorded in writing in the minutes of proceedings. Otherwise, a director could difficultly limit their liability for decisions made by the Syndicate to which they did not participate or disagreed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial decisions by the Syndicate are often a source of conflict, which stresses the importance of keeping the co-ownership&#8217;s <\/span><b>financial statements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Registers. A director unable to justify certain financial irregularities could be accused of appropriating the Syndicate&#8217;s assets<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and putting themselves in a conflict of interest<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A developer that built a co-ownership building that also acts as a director of the Syndicate must be particularly careful not to favor their own interests over those of the Syndicate and co-owners<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding work carried out by the Syndicate in common areas, it is prudent to record in the Registers the <\/span><b>complete maintenance and repair reports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the building, the <\/span><b>tendering process<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the various <\/span><b>submissions received from contractors <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to avoid potential future challenges by a co-owner. In a court case where a Syndicate was accused of &#8220;inflating&#8221; the prices of repair work and unfairly distributing the associated costs, the Syndicate successfully defended itself due to its diligent bookkeeping regarding these repairs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In insurance, the Syndicate is obligated to take out a deductible covering <\/span><b>the replacement cost of common and private portions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while co-owners must take out a separate deductible for <\/span><b>improvements made to their private portions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">since the initial construction of the building<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The Syndicate and co-owners therefore have every interest to record in the Registers the <\/span><b>architect and engineer plans and specifications of the building<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the time of its construction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the <\/span><b>photos, invoices, and submissions for improvements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> made subsequently to the private portions. In the event of a loss, these supporting documents will help reduce conflicts and claims processing times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Conclusion\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rights and obligations of the Syndicate and co-owners regarding the maintenance and consultation of the Registers are vast and complex. Consult your notary or lawyer to protect yourself adequately by providing appropriate procedures for their content and accessibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>By Melissa Dion<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The meticulous maintenance of the co-ownership registers (hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Registers&#8220;) by the board of directors of the syndicate of co-ownership (hereinafter the &#8220;Syndicate&#8220;) is of great importance. Indeed, it contributes to the proper functioning of buildings held in co-ownerships and helps prevent conflicts between co-owners and their Syndicate.\u00a0 Let\u2019s overview some important [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":6675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[84,85,90,88,91,87,92,89,86],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>THE REGISTERS OF A CO-OWNERSHIP: PRACTICAL ELEMENTS TO REMEMBER - Gascon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"THE REGISTERS OF A CO-OWNERSHIP: PRACTICAL ELEMENTS TO REMEMBER - Gascon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The meticulous maintenance of the co-ownership registers (hereinafter referred to as the &#8220;Registers&#8220;) by the board of directors of the syndicate of co-ownership (hereinafter the &#8220;Syndicate&#8220;) is of great importance. Indeed, it contributes to the proper functioning of buildings held in co-ownerships and helps prevent conflicts between co-owners and their Syndicate.\u00a0 Let\u2019s overview some important [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/gasc.sltm.ca\/en\/2024\/01\/23\/the-registers-of-a-co-ownership-practical-elements-to-remember\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Gascon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-23T19:57:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/gasc.sltm.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Melissa-Dion_BANNER2-scaled-e1706040177608.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"879\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Evelyne Chiasson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Evelyne Chiasson\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/gasc.sltm.ca\/en\/2024\/01\/23\/the-registers-of-a-co-ownership-practical-elements-to-remember\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/gasc.sltm.ca\/en\/2024\/01\/23\/the-registers-of-a-co-ownership-practical-elements-to-remember\/\",\"name\":\"THE REGISTERS OF A CO-OWNERSHIP: PRACTICAL ELEMENTS TO REMEMBER - 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